Carlos Marighella (5 December 1911 - 4 November 1969) was a Brazilian guerrilla revolutionary and Marxist writer. Marighella's most famous contribution to guerilla literature was the Minimanual Of The Urban Guerrilla, consisting of advice on how to disrupt and overthrow authority with an aim to revolution. He also wrote For the Liberation of Brazil. The theories laid out in both books have greatly influenced modern ideological activism. Unlike Che Guevara who proposed guerilla activity taking shape in the villages, Marighela's theories on guerilla warfare envisaged cities as the spring of rebellion.

Marighella was born in Salvador, Bahia to Italian immigrants of humble status. Before his advocacy and participation in guerrilla warfare he worked both as a Brazilian legislatior, and as a leader of the nationalist Communist party. He was expelled from the Communist party following his harsh criticism aimed against the reformist policies and also due to his affiliation with Castro's Cuba. He played a crucial role in the formation of ALN, a hardline revolutionary group which aimed to attack the military dictatorship through terrorist means and counter the state terrorism through revolutionary terror. He was shot by police in an ambush at 8pm on 4 November 1969 at number 800, Alameda Casa Branca, São Paulo.