Name: Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von
Country: Germany
Rank: Rittmeister
Units: FFA 69, Jasta 2, 11, JG 1 KG 2
Victories: 80
Date Of Birth: May 2, 1892
Place of Birth: Breslau
Date Of Death: April 21, 1918
Place of Death: Morlancourt Ridge
Buried: Wiesbaden, Germany

The most famous ace of the war, Manfred von Richthofen briefly served in the trenches before transferring to the German Air Service in 1916.Oswald Boelcke's star pupil was a fast learner and achieved immediate success. A month after receiving his first Albatros, Richthofen had six victories against Allied aircraft. As his reputation grew, the "Red Knight of Germany" painted the fuselage of his Albatros D.III bright red to flaunt his prowess in the air. The British called him the jolly "Red Baron," to the French he was the "Red Devil." He was shot down as he flew over the trenches in pursuit of Wilfrid May on April 21, 1918.
AlthoughArthur Brown was officially credited with the victory, evidence suggests Richthofen was hit by a single bullet fired from a machine gun in the trenches. A British pilot flew over the German aerodrome at Cappy and dropped a note informing the Germans of the Baron's death. Buried in France with full military honors, Richthofen's body was later exhumed and reburied in the family cemetery at Wiesbaden.



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Name: Ernst Udet
Country: Germany
Rank: Oberleutnant
Units: FA 68, FA(A) 206 Kek Habsheim
Jasta 4, 11, 15, 37
Victories: 62
Date Of Birth: April 26, 1896
Place of Birth: Frankfurt am Main
Date Of Death: November 17, 1941
Place of Death: Berlin
Buried: Invalidenfriedhof, Berlin

Udet entered the German Air Service in 1915. He scored his first victory flying a Fokker D.III, when on March 18, 1916 in a lone attack against 22 French aircraft. Udet was the highest scoring German ace to survive World War I. As a Luftwaffe Quartermaster-General in World War II, he got into trouble with the Gestapo and committed suicide. The Nazi authorities claimed he died in an accident while testing a new air weapon.




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Name: Werner Voss
Country: Germany
Rank: Leutnant
Units: KG 4 Jasta 2, 5, 10, 14, 29
Victories: 48
Date Of Birth: April 13, 1897
Place of Birth: Krefeld
Date Of Death: September 23, 1917
Place of Death:North of Frezenberg

Killed during a legendary dogfight with seven S.E.5as, Werner Voss drove two planes to the ground and damaged the rest before his Fokker DR.I was shot down byArthur Rhys Davids.
Quotes
"I shall never forget my admiration for that German pilot, who single handed, fought seven of us for ten minutes. I saw him go into a fairly steep dive and so I continued to watch, and then saw the triplane hit the ground and disappear into a thousand fragments, for it seemed to me that it literally went into powder." James McCudden
"His flying was wonderful, his courage magnificent and in my opinion he is the bravest German airman whom it has been my privilege to see fight." James McCudden
"If I could only have brought him down alive..." Arthur Rhys Davids to James McCudden

RFC Communiqué
"Capt. J. McCudden, No. 56 Squadron saw a S.E.5a fighting a triplane, so with others dived at it, and for the next ten minutes the enemy triplane fought the five S.E.5s with great skill and determination. Eventually, however, it was destroyed by 2nd-Lieut. Rhys-Davids of the same squadron, who had previously driven down a two-seater. The triplane was seen to crash in our lines by other pilots and the other occupant proved to be Lieut. Werner Voss, who was killed."



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Name: Max Immelmann
Country: Germany
Rank: Oberleutnant
Unit: FA62
Victories: 15
Date Of Birth: September 21, 1890
Place of Birth: Dresden
Killed In Action: June 18, 1916
Place of Death:
Buried: Dresden

Immelmann and Oswald Boelcke were awarded the Orden Pour le Mérite (Blue Max) on January 12, 1916. Later that year, Immelmann was killed in a dogfight with seven British aircraft. His death, like that of many other aces, was controversial. While the British credited the pilot of an FE.2b with his loss, the Germans proclaimed that the synchronized machine gun on his Fokker E.III malfunctioned and he shot his own propellor off during the heat of battle.
With the introduction of aircraft armed with forward firing machine guns, Immelmann laid the foundation for single seat fighter tactics in World War I. Today, Immelmann is best remembered for the "Immelmann turn," a half-loop followed by a half-roll.



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Name: Bruno Loerzer
Country: Germany
Rank: Hauptmann
Units: FA 60 FA(A) 203 FA 25 Jasta 17, 26 JG 3 Kek J
Victories: 44
Date Of Birth: January 22, 1891
Place of Birth: Berlin
Date Of Death: August 23, 1960
Place of Death: U/A


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Name: Fritz Rumey
Country: Germany
Rank: Leutnant
Units: FA(A) 19 Jasta 2, 5
Victories: 45
Date Of Birth: March 3, 1891
Place of Birth: Konigsberg
Date Of Death: September 27, 1918
Place of Death: Neuville St. Remy
Rumey was serving with the 45th Infantry Regiment when the war began. After serving with the 3rd Grenadier Regiment on the Russian Front, he transferred to the German Air Service in the summer of 1915. Serving first as an observer with FA(A) 219, he completed Jastaschule and was assigned to Jasta 2 in May of 1917. He was reassigned to Jasta 5 in June. On June 26, 1918, he scored his 25th victory, shooting down a Sopwith Camel flown by Canadian ace Edward Eaton.
Rumey was wounded in action on August 25, 1918 and on September 24, 1918. Three days later Rumey's Fokker D.VII was badly damaged when he collided with an S.E.5a flown by South African ace George Lawson. Rumey jumped from his plane but was killed when his parachute failed to open.

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Name: Lothar Freiherr von Richthofen
Country: Germany
Rank: Oberleutnant
Units: Jasta 1,1KG 4
Victories: 40
Date Of Birth: September 27, 1894
Place of Birth: Breslau
Date Of Death: July 4, 1922
Place of Death: Fuhlsbuettel

When the war began, Lothar von Richthofen was an officer in the cavalry. Following his brotherManfred von Richthofen's example, he transferred to the German Air Service in 1915 and was assigned to Jasta 11 on March 6, 1917. Under the watchful eye of his older brother, Lothar scored 24 victories in 47 days and was credited with shooting down English aceAlbert Ball on May 7, 1917.

On May 13, 1917, Lothar was badly wounded in a dogfight with a B.E.2e but recovered and assumed command of Jasta 11 on September 24, 1917. Wounded again on March 13, 1918, he crash landed his Fokker DR.I after being shot down by Australian ace Geoffrey Hughes. The following month, he was still in a hospital bed when he learned of his brother's death.

In the summer of 1918, Lothar returned to duty and achieved ten more victories by the end of the war. Scoring his final victory on August 12, 1918, he shot down a Sopwith Camel flown by English ace John Summers. The following day, Lothar was seriously wounded for the third time when his Fokker D.VII was shot down over the Somme by another Sopwith Camel.



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Name: Erich Löwenhardt
Country: Germany
Rank: Oberleutnant
Units: FA(A) 265 Jasta 10
Victories: 54
Date Of Birth: April 7, 1897
Place of Birth: Breslau
Date Of Death: August 10, 1918
Place of Death: Near Chaulnes

Löwenhardt served with an infantry regiment before he volunteered for the German Air Service. After scoring his 54th victory, he collided with Leutnant Alfred Wenz of Jasta 11. Both men jumped from their planes but Löwenhardt was killed when his parachute failed to open.

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Name: Josef Carl Peter Jacobs
Country: Germany
Rank: Leutnant
Units: FFA 11 Jasta 7, 12, 22
Victories: 48
Date Of Birth: May 15, 1894
Place of Birth:
Kreuzkapelle, Rhineland
Date Of Death: July 29, 1978
Place of Death: Munich



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Biography
Name: Carl Menckhoff
Country: Germany
Rank: Oberleutnant
Units: Jasta 3, 72
Victories: 39
Date Of Birth: April 14, 1883
Place of Birth: Herford, Westphalia
Date Of Death: 1948
Place of Death: Switzerland

Menckhoff was in his 30's when the war began making him one of the oldest pilots in the German Air Service. On September 23, 1917, he was shot down while trying to assistWerner Voss in his famous dogfight with 56 Squadron. He and Voss were both shot down by Arthur Rhys Davids. Five days later, Menckhoff was shot down again by 56 Squadron. Finally, on July 25, 1918, Menckhoff was shot down near Chateau Thierry by Lt. Walter Avery, an American with the 95th Pursuit Squadron, and Menckhoff was captured. In August 1919, he escaped from Camp Montoire, made his way to Switzerland and remained there until his death in 1948.



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Name: Kurt Wolff
Country: Germany
Rank: Oberleutnant
Units: Jasta 11, 29
Victories: 33
Date Of Birth: February 6, 1895
Place of Birth: Greifswald, Pomerania
Date Of Death: September 15, 1917
Place of Death: Near Moorslede

Wolff entered the military in 1912 and transferred to the German Air Service in July of 1915. On his first flight, Wolff survived a crash that dislocated his shoulder and killed the plane's pilot. On November 5, 1916, Wolff was assigned to Jasta 11 but failed to score any victories untilManfred von Richthofen assumed command of the unit. Scoring his 9th victory on April 11, 1917, Wolff shot down a Bristol Fighter flown by Irish ace David Tidmarsh.

On May 6 , after achieving 28 victories, Wolff was given command of Jasta 29. With this unit, he scored two more victories before returning to command Jasta 11 on July 2, 1917. He was wounded nine days later, in a dogfight with 10 Naval Squadron.

When he returned to duty on September 11, 1917, he began flying one of the new Fokker Triplanes. Four days later, in another encounter with 10 Naval Squadron, Wolff was shot down by a Sopwith Camel flown by Norman McGregor.



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Name: Franz Büchner
Country: Germany
Rank: Leutnant
Units: FFA 270 Jasta 9, 13
Victories: 40
Date Of Birth: January 2, 1898
Place of Birth: Leipzig
Date Of Death: March 18, 1920
Place of Death: Near Leipzig

The son of a successful businessman, this highly decorated German ace was 16 years old when he joined the infantry in 1914. After surviving a case of typhoid fever, Büchner served on the Russian front in 1915 before returning to the trenches of France where he was wounded in combat on April 3, 1916. When he recovered, he transferred to the German Air Service, serving first with FFA 270. He was assigned to Jasta 9 in March 1917, he scored his first and only victory with this unit on August 17, 1917. Büchner was then reassigned to Jasta 13 but only scored one more victory by the end of the year. During the summer of 1918, his score began to climb after downing three enemy aircraft in June. Scoring his seventh victory on July 2, 1918, Büchner shot down the Sopwith Dolphin of Irish ace Joseph Callaghan. Five days later, he scored his eighth victory over a Sopwith Camel flown by the allied ace, Merril Taylor of Canada. With the aid of a parachute, Büchner survived a midair collision with another Jasta pilot on October 10, 1918. He was killed in action during Germany's postwar revolution.



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Hermann Goering was born in Rosenheim, Bavaria on 12th January 1893. The son of a senior army officer, he was educated at a military school and became a member of the Prussian Cadet Corps.

At first Goering was an observer for his friend and war ace, Bruno Loerzer, but eventually became a fighter pilot and scored his first victory on 16th November 1915. After the death of Manfred von Richthofen Goering became the leader of his JG 1 squadron. By the end of the war Goering had achieved 22 victories and had been awarded the Iron Cross and the Pour le Merite for bravery.

In February, 1938, Goering became head of Germany's armed forces,. The following year he officially became Hitler's deputy and legal heir. He obtained a vast income from his various official posts and converted an old Berlin palace into his official residence. Goering also made money from his own newspaper, Essener National Zeitung and from stock in the aircraft industry.

After the outbreak of the Second World War Goering was placed in charge of the Luftwaffe and took credit for the quick defeat of France, Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg in the summer of 1940. However, he failed to stop the British evacuation of Dunkirk.

When the Red Army made advances into Germany, Goering moved his headquarters to Berchesgaden. After the suicide of Adolf Hitler Goering surrendered to the US Army in Austria on 8th May, 1945.

Hermann Goering was found guilty at Nuremberg War Crimes Trial but avoided execution by swallowing potassium cyanide on 15th October, 1946.



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